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The ''gens Pinaria'' was one of the most ancient patrician families at Rome. They traced their origin to a time long previous to the foundation of the city. The Pinarii are mentioned in the regal period, and the first of the ''gens'' to obtain the dignity of the consulship was Publius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus in 489 BC.〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕 ==Origin of the gens== There were several traditions attached to the Pinarii. The first held that a generation before the Trojan War, Hercules came to Italy, where he was received by the families of the Potitii and the Pinarii. He taught them a form of worship, and instructed them in the rites, by which he was later honored. For centuries, these families supplied the priests for the cult of Hercules, until the Potitii were wiped out in a plague at the end of the 4th century BC〔Titus Livius, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', i. 6, 7.〕〔Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Romaike Archaiologia'', i. 38-40.〕〔Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, ''Saturnalia'', iii. 6.〕 The extinction of the Potitii was frequently attributed to the actions of Appius Claudius Caecus, who in his censorship in 312 BC, directed the families to instruct public slaves in the performance of their sacred rites. Supposedly the Potitii were punished for their impiety in doing so, while the Pinarii refused to relinquish their office, which they held until the latest period.〔〔Livy, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', i. 7.〕〔Servius, ''ad Virg. Aen.'', viii. 268.〕〔Sextus Pompeius Festus, epitome of Marcus Verrius Flaccus ''De Verborum Significatu'', p. 237, ed. Karl Otfried Müller.〕〔Johann Adam Hartung, ''Die Religion der Römer'' (1836), vol. ii., p. 30.〕〔Barthold Georg Niebuhr, ''History of Rome'', vol. i. p. 88.〕〔Karl Wilhelm Göttling, ''Geschichte der Römische Staatsverfassung'' (1840), p. 178.〕 Another tradition asserts that until their extinction, the Potitii were always superior to the Pinarii in the performance of their ''sacrum gentilicum'', because at the sacrificial banquet given by Hercules, the Pinarii did not arrive until after the entrails had been eaten. In anger, Hercules declared that the Pinarii should be excluded from partaking of the entrails of the sacrifice, and that in all matters relating to the worship they should be inferior to their brethren.〔〔Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Romaike Archaiologia'', i. 40.〕 In the later Republic, it was sometimes asserted that the Pinarii were descended from Pinus, a son of Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome. Several other families made similar claims; the Aemilii had long claimed to be descended from Mamercus, the son of Numa, while in later times the Pomponii and Calpurnii claimed to be descended from sons named ''Pompo'' and ''Calpus''. ''Mamercus'' and ''Pompo'' were genuine praenomina of Sabine origin, like Numa himself, although ''Calpus'' and ''Pinus'' are not otherwise attested. The Marcii also claimed descent from Numa's grandson, Ancus Marcius, the fourth Roman king.〔〔Livy, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', i. 7, 20, 32.〕〔Plutarch, ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans'', "Numa", 21.〕〔Herbert A. Grueber, ''Catalogue of Roman Coins in the British Museum (Republic)'' (1910). ii. p. 311, no. 733; p. 361, no. 62.〕〔George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897).〕〔Michael Grant, ''Roman Myths'' (1971), 123, 139.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pinaria (gens)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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